In this guide, I’ll show you how to enable exFAT support in Ubuntu 10.04 – 11.10 (12.04 might work too, didn’t test it):

Open your terminal and enter:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:relan/exfat
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install exfat-utils fuse-exfat

That’s it. To get auto-mount support, use these procedures for 32bit or 64bit:

sudo apt-get -y install ncurses-dev
wget http://mirror.gbxs.net/pub/linux/utils/util-linux-ng/v2.18/util-linux-ng-2.18.tar.bz2
tar xf util-linux-ng-2.18.tar.bz2
cd util-linux-ng-2.18
./configure
make

Now follow these steps if you have a 32bit system:

sudo mv /lib/libblkid.so.1.1.0 /lib/libblkid.so.1.1.0.backup
sudo cp shlibs/blkid/src/.libs/libblkid.so.1.1.0 /lib/
sudo chmod 644 /lib/libblkid.so.1.1.0
sudo rm /lib/libblkid.so.1
sudo ln -s /lib/libblkid.so.1.1.0 /lib/libblkid.so.1

or these for 64bit:

sudo mv /lib64/libblkid.so.1.1.0 /lib64/libblkid.so.1.1.0.backup
sudo cp shlibs/blkid/src/.libs/libblkid.so.1.1.0 /lib64/
sudo chmod 644 /lib/libblkid.so.1.1.0
sudo rm /lib/libblkid.so.1
sudo ln -s /lib/libblkid.so.1.1.0 /lib/libblkid.so.1

Now connect your disk or remount it. And you’ll should see your exFAT disk!

Some extra commands:

To format a exFAT partition:
sudo mkfs.exfat -n LABEL /dev/sdXn
or
sudo mkexfatfs -n LABEL /dev/sdXn

To change the label:
sudo exfatlabel /dev/sdXn NEW_LABEL

Get filesystem info:
sudo dumpexfat /dev/sdXn

To check the partition:
sudo fsck.exfat /dev/sdXn
or
sudo exfatfsck /dev/sdXn